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A new grain refiner master alloy based on the Al-Zr-Ti system was prepared by salt-assisted synthesis. Of the Al3Zr particles in the master alloy, 90% were ranged between 1 µm and 13 µm. An 80% reduction in the grain size was observed with the addition of an equivalent 0.2 wt.% Zr master alloy combined with ultrasonic treatment in an Al alloy. The new master alloy demonstrated a 30% improvement in...
A bladesmithing program was undertaken with the aim of producing superior decorative steel from dissimilar starting metals using severe plastic deformation. Accumulative roll bonding using an antiquated rolling mill was performed on 1095, CPM S30V, and 15N20 Hi-Contrast steel. Original attempts using the CPM S30V and the 1095 were unsuccessful, while later attempts using the 1095 and 15N20 Hi-Contrast...
A combined multipass hot and cold drawing process was implemented to manufacture ultra-thin wires of the magnesium alloy MgCa0.8 with a final diameter of 0.05 mm. Numerical simulations were applied to design the drawing process of 40 passes regarding the microstructure evolution. To parametrize the model, in situ tensile tests were performed. Analysis of the MgCa0.8 wires featuring diameters below...
As-cast Mg5Nd, Mg5Nd3Zn, Mg5Nd5Zn and Mg5Nd7Zn alloys were investigated with in situ synchrotron radiation diffraction during compression at 350°C. The results and the post-mortem microscopy investigations suggest that twinning was active during deformation, and was most pronounced in the binary alloy whereas in the ternary alloys grain rotation could be observed. Sub-grain formation could be detected...
A Damascus-style layered blade was made by incorporating bloomery iron and crucible steel. A bloomery furnace was constructed and charged with Black Hills, SD bog iron ore, alloys, and hardwood charcoal. At sufficient temperature, the furnace was bottom-tapped to produce a low carbon iron bloom. A high-carbon crucible steel was made in a natural gas-fired furnace using commercial hematite pellets...
Metallurgists have an ever-increasing suite of analytical techniques at their disposition. Among these techniques are the in situ methods, being those approaches that are designed to actually study events that occur in the material during for instance solidification, (thermo)-mechanical working or heat treatment. As such they are a powerful tool in unraveling the mechanisms behind these processes,...
The present paper presents the refractory design for a novel HCFeMn smelting furnace that, other than standard submerged arc furnaces, allows the processing of fine ores. A combination of basic and non-basic materials, comprising bricks, castables and ramming was chosen, under consideration of the unique furnace design and process conditions. Post-mortem investigations on refractory samples from the...
A team of students from the University of California, Berkeley, participated in a blade-smithing competition hosted by the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society at the TMS 2015 144th annual meeting and exhibition. Motivated by ancient forging methods, the UC Berkeley team chose to fabricate our blade from historical smithing techniques utilizing naturally-occurring deposits of iron ore. This approach...
A novel process has been proposed for magnesium production, in which powder materials including dolomite, ferrosilicon, fluorite and binder are mixed to produce pellets. Kinetics of the silicothermic reduction using the pre-prepared dolomite pellets was investigated by a non-isothermal, flowing argon-protected gravimetric technique at a temperature range from 1323 K to 1673 K. The results suggest...
This article investigates the development of porosity in titania-rich slag obtained by sintering via conventional and thermal plasma heating at 1000°C in inert atmosphere. The holder in the plasma reactor acted as the discharge anode confined within a hollow graphite cathode. Quantitative evaluation of the porosity in the conventionally sintered and plasma-sintered titania-rich slag was performed...
In present study, 6061- and A356-based nano-composites are fabricated by using the ultrasonic stirring technology (UST) in a coreless induction furnace. SiC nanoparticles are used as the reinforcement. Nanoparticles are added into the molten metal and then dispersed by ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic streaming assisted by electromagnetic stirring. The applied UST parameters in the current experiments...
In this paper, a description is given of the connections that evolved from the initial development of a family of superplastic plain carbon steels that came to be known as Ultra-High Carbon Steels (UHCS). It was observed that their very high carbon contents were similar, if not identical, to those of Damascus steels. There followed a series of attempts to rediscover how the famous patterns found on...
In this study, a warm accumulative roll bonding process was used to produce a 1050/5% Al2O3/5083 composite from AA1050 and AA5083 sheets. Firstly, the raw materials were roll-bonded and then rolled up to five accumulative rolling cycles by preheating for 5 min at 280°C before each cycle. The mechanical properties of the ARBed bimetals were evaluated in comparison with 1050/5% Al2O3 and 5083/5% Al2...
Effects of the growth rate on the microstructures and room temperature mechanical properties of Mg-5.2Zn alloy were investigated using Bridgman method at a constant temperature gradient 30 K/mm with different growth rates (v = 10 ~ 100 μm/s). The microstructure of directionally solidified Mg-5.2Zn alloy is composed of dendrite primary α(Mg) phase and interdendritic α(Mg) + Mg7Zn3 eutectic, which agrees...
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